Federal Colour Specification 23 CFR 655,

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Federal Colour Specification 23 CFR 655,

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49569
Federal Register
/ Vol. 67, No. 147 / Wednesday, July 31, 2002 / Rules and Regulations
Further, as the change of address is
imminent, and since a delay in the
effective date of this regulation could
impede the timely receipt of required
reports by the regulated industry, DEA
finds there is good cause to make this
final rule effective immediately.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Deputy Assistant Administrator
hereby certifies that this rulemaking has
been drafted in accordance with the
Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C.
605(b)), has reviewed this regulation,
and by approving it certifies that this
regulation will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. This final rule
merely changes an address, permitting
industry to report to DEA in a timely
manner.
Executive Order 12866
The Deputy Assistant Administrator
further certifies that this rulemaking has
been drafted in accordance with the
principles in Executive Order 12866
Section 1(b). DEA has determined that
this is not a significant rulemaking
action. Therefore, this action has not
been reviewed by the Office of
Management and Budget.
Executive Order 12988
This regulation meets the applicable
standards set forth in Sections 3(a) and
3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988 Civil
Justice Reform.
Executive Order 13132
This rulemaking does not preempt or
modify any provision of state law; nor
does it impose enforcement
responsibilities on any state; nor does it
diminish the power of any state to
enforce its own laws. Accordingly, this
rulemaking does not have federalism
implications warranting the application
of Executive Order 13132.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
This rule will not result in the
expenditure by State, local, and tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector, of $100,000,000 or more
in any one year, and will not
significantly or uniquely affect small
governments. Therefore, no actions were
deemed necessary under the provisions
of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
of 1995.
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996
This rule is not a major rule as
defined by Section 804 of the Small
Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996. This rule will not
result in an annual effect on the
economy of $100,000,000 or more; a
major increase in costs or prices; or
significant adverse effects on
competition, employment, investment,
productivity, innovation, or on the
ability of United States-based
companies to compete with foreign-
based companies in domestic and
export markets.
Congressional Review Act
The Drug Enforcement
Administration has determined that this
action is a rule relating to agency
procedure and practice that does not
substantially affect the rights or
obligations of non-agency parties and,
accordingly, is not a ‘‘rule’’ as that term
is used by the Congressional Review Act
(Subtitle E of the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996 (SBREFA)). Therefore, the
reporting requirement of 5 U.S.C.
Section 801 does not apply.
List of Subjects
21 CFR Part 1310
Drug traffic control, Exports, Imports,
Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
21 CFR Part 1313
Administrative practice and
procedure, Drug traffic control, Exports,
Imports, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.
For the reasons set out above, 21 CFR
parts 1310 and 1313 are amended as
follows:
and adding, in their place, the words
‘‘P.O. Box 27284’’.
§ 1313.21 [Amended]
6. Section 1313.21(b) and (e)
introductory text are amended by
removing the words ‘‘P.O. Box 28346’’
and adding, in their place, the words
‘‘P.O. Box 27284’’.
§ 1313.22 [Amended]
7. Section 1313.22(e) is amended by
removing the words ‘‘P.O. Box 28346’’
and adding, in their place, the words
‘‘P.O. Box 27284’’.
§ 1313.31 [Amended]
8. Section 1313.31(b) introductory
text is amended by removing the words
‘‘P.O. Box 28346’’ and adding, in their
place, the words ‘‘P.O. Box 27284’’.
§ 1313.32 [Amended]
9. Section 1313.32(b)(1) is amended
by removing the words ‘‘P.O. Box
28346’’ and adding, in their place, the
words ‘‘P.O. Box 27284’’.
Dated: July 16, 2002.
Laura M. Nagel,
Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office of
Diversion Control.
[FR Doc. 02–19122 Filed 7–30–02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4410–09–P
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Highway Administration
23 CFR Part 655
[FHWA Docket No. FHWA–99–6190]
RIN 2125–AE67
PART 1310—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 1310
continues to read as follows:
Authority:
21 U.S.C. 802, 830, 871(b).
Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid
and Other Streets and Highways; Color
Specifications for Retroreflective Sign
and Pavement Marking Materials
AGENCY
:
Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA), DOT.
ACTION
:
Final rule.
SUMMARY
:
The FHWA is revising its
color specifications for retroreflective
signing materials. The current color
specifications used in traffic control
were developed in the late 1960’s. The
technological advances in the
manufacturing of signing and markings
materials and the measurement of color
have required the FHWA to revise and
expand the color specifications. This
revision includes daytime and nighttime
specifications for both assigned and
unassigned colors found in the Manual
on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
(MUTCD). The FHWA is adding
daytime and nighttime specifications for
§ 1310.05 [Amended]
2. Section 1310.05(c) is amended by
removing the words ‘‘P.O. Box 28346’’
and adding, in their place, the words
‘‘P.O. Box 27284’’.
§ 1310.06 [Amended]
3. Section 1310.06(g) is amended by
removing the words ‘‘P.O. Box 28346’’
and adding, in their place, the words
‘‘P.O. Box 27284’’.
PART 1313—[AMENDED]
4. The authority citation for part 1313
continues to read as follows:
Authority:
21 U.S.C. 802, 830, 871(b), 971.
§ 1313.12 [Amended]
5. Section 1313.12(b) and (e)
introductory text are amended by
removing the words ‘‘P.O. Box 28346’’
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Federal Register
/ Vol. 67, No. 147 / Wednesday, July 31, 2002 / Rules and Regulations
retroreflective pavement marking
materials. The materials are required to
provide the specified colors under the
identified measurement protocols
throughout service life.
EFFECTIVE DATE
:
This final rule is
effective August 30, 2002.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
:
For
technical information: Mr. Ernest
Huckaby, Office of Transportation
Operations (HOTO), (202) 366–9064.
For legal information: Mr. Raymond
Cuprill, Office of the Chief Counsel
(HCC–40), (202) 366–1377, Federal
Highway Administration, 400 Seventh
Street, SW., Washington, D.C. 20590–
0001. Office hours are from 7:45 a.m. to
4:15 p.m., e.t., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
:
Electronic Access
This document, the NPRM, and all
comments received may be viewed
online through the Document
Management System (DMS) at:
http://
dms.dot.gov.
The DMS is available 24
hours each day, 365 days each year.
Electronic submission and retrieval help
and guidelines are available under the
help section of the web site.
An electronic copy of this document
may also be downloaded by using a
computer, modem and suitable
communications software from the
Government Printing Office’s Electronic
Bulletin Board Service at (202) 512–
1661. Internet users may also reach the
Office of the Federal Register’s home
page at:
http://www.nara.gov/fedreg
and
the Government Printing Office’s web
page at:
http://www.access.gpo.gov.
The current color specifications are
on file at the Office of the Federal
Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW.,
7th Floor, Suite 700, Washington, DC
20408, and are available for inspection
and copying at the FHWA, Office of
Transportation Operations, Room 3408,
400 7th St., SW., Washington, DC
20590, as prescribed in 49 CFR part 7.
Background
This final rule is based on the
FHWA’s notice of proposed rulemaking
(NPRM), Traffic Control Devices on
Federal-Aid and Other Streets and
Highways; Color Specifications for
Retroreflective Sign and Pavement
Marking Materials, published in the
Federal Register
on December 21, 1999,
at 64 FR 71354. All comments received
in response to the NPRM have been
considered in adopting this final rule.
These comments are discussed in the
section entitled ‘‘Discussion of
Comments.’’
The MUTCD is incorporated by
reference in 23 CFR 655.601. The color
specifications are found in the appendix
to subpart F of part 655.
The current specifications for the
color of retroreflective sign sheeting
were determined on the basis of
material available nearly 20 years ago.
Since then, new microprismatic
material has been commercially
available and the original CIE
1
Illuminant C has been replaced with CIE
Illuminant D
65
. In addition, an extensive
international effort is in progress to
specify the nighttime appearance of
retroreflective materials. Lastly,
expanding the specifications to include
fluorescent materials is also necessary at
this time since these materials are used
on several traffic signs. In addition to
revising the daytime color specifications
for retroreflective sign sheeting material
used primarily for traffic signs, color
specifications for pavement markings
and markers are included in this
revision.
Discussion of Comments
Interested persons were invited to
participate in the development of this
final rule by submitting written or
electronic comments on the NPRM to
FHWA Docket No. FHWA–99–6190 on
or before June 21, 2000. The FHWA
received 21 comments to the docket (6
from State and local DOTs; 7 from
industry; 4 from associations; 3 from
institutes/universities; and 1 Federal
agency). The FHWA received significant
comments that included concerns with
the availability and cost of the
laboratory equipment used, concerns
with the use of illuminant D
65
for
evaluating the performance of
luminescent for fluorescent materials,
the use of luminescent luminance factor
(Y
F
) for fluorescent materials.
The FHWA believes the amount of
information presented in the tables
published in the NPRM may be
overwhelming in content and confusing.
The FHWA has placed the ‘‘luminance’’
values in a separate table (i.e., 1a, 3a,
and 5a). It is important for users to
know that these sub-tables should be
read together in order to define the
correct color requirement.
Commenters recommended that
FHWA provide the appropriate
references for types of sheeting material
for retroreflective materials. A
breakdown of sheeting type has been
added as Table 1a.
Another concern identified through
several comments was the lack of
human factors research related to driver
recognition of sign colors. The
discussion of human factors research is
beyond the scope of this rulemaking and
will be addressed in the future. While
laboratory studies have indicated that
human observers require fairly small
color regions to achieve a high degree of
agreement (greater than 90 percent) for
color naming, there have been no
studies with forced choices. That is,
when presented with a variety of
samples spanning colors within a given
color region, responses will vary.
Additional studies are needed wherein
the observer is forced to choose between
specified color names to determine if
samples taken from near the allowable
color region boundaries might be
mistaken for a neighboring color.
Pending such studies, however, there
are no indications that the existing color
system should be modified. The color
regions in the final rule are not
significantly different from previously
defined color regions and should not be
changed without substantial indication
of inadequacy.
Several commenters recommended
that color specifications for the color
‘‘fluorescent red’’ be included in the
specifications. Fluorescent red was not
proposed in Tables 3 or 4 of the NPRM
and it is beyond the scope of this
rulemaking. However, this color will be
addressed in future rulemaking, which
will allow the public the opportunity to
comment on the proposed specification.
The FHWA adopts, with some
changes, the proposed Table 1 to Part
655, Subpart F, Daytime Color
Specification Limits for Retroreflective
Material with CIE 2 Degree Standard
Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and
CIE Standard Illuminant D
65
. The
American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) sets industry
standards for defining daytime sign
color. It also established a standard
addressing color specifications. With
few exceptions, Table 1 is the same as
this standard.
The color specifications for ‘‘white’’
have been adjusted from table 1,
proposed in the NPRM, which results in
a slight enlargement of the color region
in all directions. This slightly larger
color region will not result in loss of
color differentiation between white and
other colors as long as differences in the
daytime luminance factors are
maintained.
The color specifications for ‘‘orange’’
have been adjusted from the proposed
table by adjusting the red border which
allows a slightly shorter wavelength hue
line than that proposed in the NPRM.
This results in a slightly greater
separation between the red and orange
color regions which will aid in daytime
color recognition.
The ‘‘purple’’ color specifications
have been modified to reflect the colors
1
International Commission on Illumination.
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Federal Register
/ Vol. 67, No. 147 / Wednesday, July 31, 2002 / Rules and Regulations
actually in use. Several commenters
pointed out that specifying precise color
regions for unassigned colors may be
premature. Accordingly, a revised color
region, incorporating both the hues from
the initial proposal in the NPRM and
the existing commercial materials, are
recommended. As use of the materials is
further refined, the purple color box
may be optimized or even separated into
two distinct colors.
The ‘‘coral’’ and ‘‘yellow-green’’ color
specifications have been removed from
this table. Several commenters
mentioned that there are no studies that
indicate yellow-green or coral are
effective signing colors. The FHWA has
adopted the color ‘‘fluorescent yellow-
green’’ for use with pedestrian, school,
and bicycle crossing warning signs and
has included color specifications in
Table 3.
The color ‘‘fluorescent coral’’ is being
proposed for use in incident
management and is being considered
under FHWA Docket No. FHWA–2001–
11159, published at 67 FR 35850 on
May 21, 2002.
In response to several docket
comments, we have removed the color
‘‘black’’ from the table. Black sheeting
used in traffic control signage is not a
retroreflective product. Commercially
available vinyl elastomeric films meet
all the requirements for a high-contrast
legend material.
We have added Table 1a to part 655,
Subpart F, Daytime Luminance Factors
(percent) for Retroreflective Material
with CIE 2 Degree Standard Observer
and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE
Standard Illuminant D
65
, in order to be
consistent with the format found in
ASTM Standard Specification D4956–
01
2
which provides three separate tables
of daytime luminance factors (Y) for
retroreflective materials: One for ASTM
Types I, II, III and VI sheeting; one for
ASTM Types IV, VII, VIII, and IX; and
the third for ASTM Type V sheeting.
The different manufacturing techniques
for the various ASTM types have
resulted in varying luminance factors.
ASTM Type V is metallized
microprismatic retroreflecting material
used primarily for delineators. This
material is not the predominant daytime
signal, but provides a nighttime signal
for delineation.
The FHWA has adopted Table 2 to
part 655, Subpart F, Nighttime Color
Specification Limits for Retroreflective
Material With CIE 2 Degree Standard
Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33
Degrees, Entrance Angle of Plus 5
Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A,
with very minor changes. The color
specifications for the color ‘‘orange’’
have been reordered and the two
missing coordinates for the color ‘‘red’’
have been added. The color ‘‘coral’’ has
been removed from the table for reasons
given in the preamble discussion for
Table 1. At present there are no known
instruments available for field
measurement of nighttime color.
The FHWA has adopted Table 3 to
Part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Color
Specification Limits for Fluorescent
Retroreflective Material With CIE 2
Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/
45) Geometry and CIE Standard
Illuminant D
65
. The contents of Tables
3 and 4 reflect the general comments
received in response to the docket. The
white boundaries for fluorescent colors
have been shifted closer to the
chromaticity diagram loci from those
positions proposed in the NPRM in
response to comments that color
saturation is as important as luminance
to achieve high conspicuity for colored
materials.
The FHWA has added Table 3a to Part
655, Subpart F, Daytime Luminance
Factors (Percent) for Fluorescent
Retroreflective Material With CIE 2
Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/
45) Geometry and CIE Standard
Illuminant D
65
, which contains the
luminance factors found in Table 3
proposed in the NPRM for easier
recognition. Specifying the
requirements for high-conspicuity
(fluorescent) materials by using daytime
luminance factors under CIE Standard
Illuminants D
65
and D
150
(analogous to
noontime and twilight) have been
extensively discussed with the ASTM.
There is disagreement over the use of
the fluorescent luminance factor (Y
F
) as
a material requirement since Y
F
cannot
be measured in the field at this time. As
an interim step, the FHWA is defining
high-conspicuity materials using a value
for the daytime luminance factor that
roughly equals 70 percent of the
MacAdam Limit
3
for a color near the
centroid of the color region. The
fluorescent luminance factor (Y
F
) for
high-conspicuity materials is provided
as a provision for quality control by
manufacturers, and is not recommended
as a measurement of materials
performance for acceptance or while in
service.
Table 4 to part 655, Subpart F,
Nighttime Color Specification Limits for
Fluorescent Retroreflective Material
With CIE 2 Degree Standard Observer
and Observation Angle of 0.33 Degree,
Entrance Angle of Plus 5 Degrees and
CIE Standard Illuminant A, is adopted
with only a slight re-ordering of the x,y
coordinates for consistency. At present
there are no known instruments
available for field measurement of
nighttime color.
Table 5 to part 655, Subpart F,
Daytime Color Specification Limits for
Retroreflective Pavement Marking
Material With CIE 2 Degree Standard
Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and
CIE Standard Illuminant D
65
, is adopted
with only a slight re-ordering of the x,y
coordinates for consistency.
Table 5a part 655, Subpart F, Daytime
Luminance Factors (Percent) for
Retroreflective Pavement Marking
Material With CIE 2Degree Standard
Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and
CIE Standard Illuminant D
65
, is added
and, for easier recognition, contains the
luminance factors found in the Table 5
proposed in the NPRM. The luminance
factor (Y) for white and yellow
pavement marking materials proposed
in the NPRM were significantly higher
than values typically measured on the
National Transportation Product
Evaluation Program test decks after a
fairly short period of time. The FHWA
deleted the column heading ‘‘Without
Glass Beads’’ as the materials should be
measured in the manner they are
intended to be used, which includes the
glass beads.
Table 6 to part 655, subpart F,
Nighttime Color Specification Limits for
Retroreflective Pavement Marking
Material with CIE 2 Degree Standard
Observer, Observation Angle of 1.05
Degrees, Entrance Angle of Plus 88.76
Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A,
is adopted in the final rule with a
modification to what was proposed in
the NPRM to the yellow pavement
marking materials. The proposed
specifications did not provide sufficient
separation between yellow and white,
leading to the potential loss of color
recognition at night. This specification
corrects that problem.
Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory
Planning and Review) and U.S. DOT
Regulatory Policies and Procedures
The FHWA has determined that this
action is not a significant regulatory
action within the meaning of Executive
Order 12866 or significant within the
meaning of the U.S. Department of
Transportation regulatory policies and
2
ASTM Standard D4956–01a, Standard
Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic
Control. Copies of this standard may be obtained by
contacting ASTM at ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428–2959 or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).
3
The MacAdam Limit is the theoretical
maximum luminance factor achievable for a
reflective color under a given illuminant. Values
range from 100 percent, for ideal white, to 0 percent
for ideal black.
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/ Vol. 67, No. 147 / Wednesday, July 31, 2002 / Rules and Regulations
procedures. The economic impact of
this rulemaking will be minimal.
Although the new specifications have
been revised to incorporate the latest
research, the basic criteria remain
essentially the same. These changes will
not adversely affect, in a material way,
any sector of the economy. In addition,
these changes will not interfere with
any action taken or planned by another
agency and will not materially alter the
budgetary impact of any entitlements,
grants, user fees, or loan programs.
Consequently, a full regulatory
evaluation is not required.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
In compliance with the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601–612), the
FHWA has evaluated the effects of this
action on small entities and has
determined that this action will not
have a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities.
As stated above, although the FHWA
has amended this final rule to
incorporate the latest research, the basic
criteria remain essentially the same. For
these reasons, the FHWA certifies that
this action will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of
1995
This rule will not impose unfunded
mandates as defined by the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L.
104–4, March 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 48).
This rule will not result in the
expenditure by State, local, and tribal
governments, in the aggregate, or by the
private sector, of $100 million or more
in any one year (2 U.S.C. 1531 et seq).
Executive Order 12630 (Taking of
Private Property)
This rule will not effect a taking of
private property or otherwise have
taking implications under Executive
Order 12630, Governmental Actions and
Interface with Constitutionally
Protected Property Rights.
Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice
Reform)
This action meets applicable
standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of
Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice
Reform, to minimize litigation,
eliminate ambiguity, and reduce
burden.
Executive Order 13045 (Protection of
Children)
We have analyzed this action under
Executive Order 13045, Protection of
Children from Environmental Health
Risks and Safety Risks. This rule is not
an economically significant rule and
does not concern an environmental risk
to health or safety that may
disproportionately affect children.
Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
This action has been analyzed in
accordance with the principles and
criteria contained in Executive Order
13132, dated August 4, 1999, and the
FHWA has determined that this action
does not have sufficient federalism
implications to warrant the preparation
of a Federalism assessment. The FHWA
has also determined that this action will
not preempt any State law or State
regulation or affect the States’ ability to
discharge traditional State governmental
functions.
Executive Order 12372
(Intergovernmental Review)
Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance Program Number 20.205,
Highway Planning and Construction.
The regulations implementing Executive
Order 12372 regarding
intergovernmental consultation on
Federal programs and activities apply to
this program.
Paperwork Reduction Act
Under the Paperwork Reduction Act
of 1995 (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501,
et seq.
),
Federal agencies must obtain approval
from the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) for each collection of
information they conduct, sponsor, or
require through regulations. The FHWA
has determined that this action does not
contain collection of information
requirements for the purposes of the
PRA.
National Environmental Policy Act
The FHWA has analyzed this action
for the purpose of the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42
U.S.C. 4321
et seq.
) and has determined
that this action will not have any effect
on the quality of the environment.
Executive Order 13175 (Tribal
Consultation)
The FHWA has analyzed this action
under Executive Order 13175, dated
November 6, 2000, and believes that it
will not have substantial direct effects
on one or more Indian tribes; will not
impose substantial direct compliance
costs on Indian tribal governments; and
will not preempt tribal law. Therefore,
a tribal summary impact statement is
not required.
Executive Order 13211 (Energy Effects)
We have analyzed this rule under
Executive Order 13211, Actions
Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use. We have
determined that it is not a significant
energy action under that order because
it is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866 and is not
likely to have a significant adverse effect
on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy. Therefore, a Statement of Energy
Effects under Executive Order 13211 is
not required.
Regulation Identification Number
A regulation identification number
(RIN) is assigned to each regulatory
action listed in the Unified Agenda of
Federal Regulations. The Regulatory
Information Service Center publishes
the Unified Agenda in April and
October of each year. The RIN contained
in the heading of this document can be
used to cross reference this action with
the Unified Agenda.
List of Subjects in 23 CFR Part 655
Design standards, Grant programs—
transportation, Highways and roads,
Incorporation by reference, Signs,
Traffic regulations.
Issued on: July 23, 2002.
Mary E. Peters,
Federal Highway Administrator.
In consideration of the foregoing, the
FHWA is amending title 23, Code of
Federal Regulations, part 655, as set
forth below:
PART 655—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 655
continues to read as follows:
Authority:
23 U.S.C. 101(a), 104, 109(d),
114(a), 217, 315, and 402(a); 23 CFR 1.32;
and 49 CFR 1.48(b).
2. Revise the appendix to subpart F to
read as follows:
Appendix to Subpart F of Part 655—
Alternate Method of Determining the
Color of Retroreflective Sign Materials
and Pavement Marking Materials
1. Although the FHWA Color Tolerance
Charts depreciate the use of
spectrophotometers or accurate tristimulus
colorimeters for measuring the daytime color
of retroreflective materials, recent testing has
determined that 0/45 or 45/0
spectroradiometers and tristimulus
colorimeters have proved that the
measurements can be considered reliable and
may be used.
2. The daytime color of non-fluorescent
retroreflective materials may be measured in
accordance with ASTM Test Method E1349,
‘‘Standard Test Method for Reflectance
Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry
Using Bidirectional Geometry’’ or ASTM Test
Method E 1347 (Replaces E97), ‘‘Standard
Test Method for Color and Color-Difference
Measurement by Tristimulus (Filter)
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49573
Federal Register
/ Vol. 67, No. 147 / Wednesday, July 31, 2002 / Rules and Regulations
Colorimetry.’’ The latter test method
specified bidirectional geometry for the
measurement of retroreflective materials. The
geometric conditions to be used in both test
methods are 0/45 or 45/0 circumferential
illumination or viewing. Uniplanar geometry
is not recommended for material types IV or
higher (designated microprismatic). The CIE
standard illuminant used in computing the
colorimetric coordinates shall be D
65
and the
2 Degree Standard CIE observer shall be used.
3. For fluorescent retroreflective materials
ASTM E991 may be used to determine the
chromaticity provided that the D
65
illumination meets the requirements of E
991. This practice, however, allows only the
total luminous factor to be measured. The
fluorescent luminous factor must be
determined using bispectral fluorescent
colorimetry. Commercial instruments are
available which allow such determination.
Some testing laboratories are also equipped
to perform these measurements.
4. For nighttime measurements CIE
Standard Illuminant A shall be used in
computing the colorimetric coordinates and
the 2 Degree Standard CIE Observer shall be
used.
5. Average performance sheeting is
identified as Types I and II sheeting and high
performance sheeting is identified as Type
III. Super-high intensity sheeting is identified
as Types V, VI, and VII in ASTM D 4956.
6. The following nine tables depict the
1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram x and y
coordinates for the corner points defining the
recommended color boxes in the diagram and
the daytime luminance factors for those
colors. Traffic control materials shall
maintain the colors and luminance factors
provided in the appropriate tables
throughout service. Lines drawn between
these corner points specify the limits of the
chromaticity allowed in the 1931
Chromaticity Diagram. Color coordinates of
samples that lie within these lines are
acceptable. For blue and green colors the
spectrum locus is the defining limit between
the corner points located on the spectrum
locus:
T
ABLE
1
TO
A
PPENDIX TO
P
ART
655, S
UBPART
F—D
AYTIME
C
OLOR
S
PECIFICATION
L
IMITS FOR
R
ETROREFLECTIVE
M
ATERIAL
W
ITH
CIE 2
S
TANDARD
O
BSERVER AND
45/0 (0/45) G
EOMETRY AND
CIE S
TANDARD
I
LLUMINANT
D
65
.
Chromaticity Coordinates
Color
1
2
3
4
x
y
x
y
y
x
x
y
White ..........................................................................
0.303
0.300
0.368
0.366
0.340
0.393
0.274
0.329
Red .............................................................................
0.648
0.351
0.735
0.265
0.629
0.281
0.565
0.346
Orange .......................................................................
0.558
0.352
0.636
0.364
0.570
0.429
0.506
0.404
Brown .........................................................................
0.430
0.340
0.430
0.390
0.518
0.434
0.570
0.382
Yellow .........................................................................
0.498
0.412
0.557
0.442
0.479
0.520
0.438
0.472
Green .........................................................................
0.026
0.399
0.166
0.364
0.286
0.446
0.207
0.771
Blue ............................................................................
0.078
0.171
0.150
0.220
0.210
0.160
0.137
0.038
Light Blue ...................................................................
0.180
0.260
0.240
0.300
0.270
0.260
0.230
0.200
Purple .........................................................................
0.300
0.064
0.320
0.200
0.550
0.300
0.600
0.202
T
ABLE
1
ATO
A
PPENDIX TO
P
ART
655, S
UBPART
F—D
AYTIME
L
UMINANCE
F
ACTORS
(%)
FOR
R
ETROREFLECTIVE
M
ATERIAL
W
ITH
CIE 2
S
TANDARD
O
BSERVER AND
45/0 (0/45) G
EOMETRY AND
CIE S
TANDARD
I
LLUMINANT
D
65
.
Daytime Luminance Factor (Y %) by ASTM Type
Color
Types I, II, III and VI
Types IV, VII, and VIII
Type V
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
White ....................................................................
27
......................
40
......................
15
......................
Red .......................................................................
2.5
12
3.0
15
2.5
11
Orange .................................................................
14
30
12
30
7.0
25
Brown ...................................................................
4.0
9.0
1.0
6.0
1.0
9.0
Yellow ...................................................................
15
45
24
45
12
30
Green ...................................................................
3.0
9.0
3.0
12
2.5
11
Blue ......................................................................
1.0
10
1.0
10
1.0
10
Light Blue .............................................................
12
40
18
40
8.0
25
Purple ...................................................................
2.0
10
2.0
10
2.0
10
T
ABLE
2
TO
A
PPENDIX TO
P
ART
655, S
UBPART
F—N
IGHTTIME
C
OLOR
S
PECIFICATION
L
IMITS FOR
R
ETROREFLECTIVE
M
A
-
TERIAL
W
ITH
CIE 2
S
TANDARD
O
BSERVER AND
O
BSERVATION
A
NGLE OF
0.33
, E
NTRANCE
A
NGLE OF
+5
AND
CIE
S
TANDARD
I
LLUMINANT
A.
Chromaticity Coordinates
Color
1
2
3
4
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y
White ................................................................................
0.475
0.452
0.360
0.415
0.392
0.370
0.515
0.409
Red ...................................................................................
0.650
0.348
0.620
0.348
0.712
0.2550
0.735
0.265
Orange .............................................................................
0.595
0.405
0.565
0.405
0.613
0.355
0.643
0.355
Brown ...............................................................................
0.595
0.405
0.540
0.405
0.570
0.365
0.643
0.355
Yellow ...............................................................................
0.513
0.487
0.500
0.4700
0.545
0.425
0.572
0.425
Green ...............................................................................
0.007
0.570
0.200
0.500
0.322
0.590
0.193
0.782
Blue ..................................................................................
0.33
0.370
0.180
0.370
0.230
0.240
0.091
0.133
Light Blue .........................................................................
Chromaticity coordinates are yet to be determined.
VerDate Jul<25>2002
15:30 Jul 30, 2002
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